From 30 to 50, the population is about evenly split, but after age 50, most people are morning types. Children show a marked increase in eveningness from around age 13 to late adolescence, and, on balance, more people under 30 are evening types. But chronotype typically changes over the course of a person’s life. Morning people tend to get up at about the same time on weekends as on weekdays, whereas evening people sleep in when they get a chance. The difference between workday and free-day wake-up times is definitely correlated with morningness and eveningness. Lately I find that I get up earlier on weekends than I used to. Perhaps proactivity grows out of conscientiousness. Studies show that conscientiousness is also associated with morningness. But there’s evidence that something inherent may determine proactivity. If that’s true, then increasing your morningness might improve your proactivity. One theory is that morning people are more proactive because getting up early gives them more time to prepare for the day. If I taught myself to be a morning person, would I become more proactive? If you go outside only in the evening, you tend to shift toward eveningness.
The daylight resets your circadian clock and helps shift you toward morningness. Another thing you could do is go outside into the daylight early in the morning. So you could try shifting your daily cycle by going to bed earlier. But while the number of hours of sleep doesn’t matter, the timing of sleep does. The fascinating thing about our findings is that duration of sleep has nothing to do with the increased proactivity and morning alertness that we see among morning people. If I wanted to train myself to be a morning person, how would I do it? About 50% of a person’s chronotype is due to genetics. But significant change can be a challenge. In one study, about half of school pupils were able to shift their daily sleep-wake schedules by one hour. People can be trained to alter what we call their “chronotypes,” but only somewhat. Much of morningness and eveningness is changeable. Is the tendency to perform best at a certain time of day immutable? The research shows correlations over a large sample, so it’s admittedly a simplification to say that morning people are proactive. And there are morning people who never do.
#THE LATE BIRD GETS THE FREE#
HBR: Are evening people all undisciplined free spirits? Don’t they sometimes take action to change their situations?
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